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Henrik Ruse, Baron of Rysensteen (Henrick, Hendrick, Hendrik, Henri, Henry; Rusensteen, Russenstein, Rusenstein), né Henrik Ruse (Rüse, Rusius, Ryse), (9 April 1624 - 22 February 1679) was a Dutch officer and fortification engineer. Following a period when he served in various armies in Germany and Italy, he wrote a well-researched book documenting the latest trends in fortification systems across Europe.〔Ruse's book ''Versterckte Vesting'' written in 1654 (see Bibliography) contains a short autobiography giving details of his early life.〕 As a result, he was entrusted with commissions for improving defences in his native Amsterdam, in Germany, and finally in Denmark and Norway where, benefitting from the support of the monarchy, he first became a general and later a baron. Ruse died in Sauwerd near Groningen in the Netherlands. ==Early life and education== Ruse was born in the village of Ruinen in the Dutch province of Drenthe. His father, Johan Ruse, who was the parish priest in Ruinen, belonged to a Hugenot family from eastern France, sympathising with the Protestant theologian Jacobus Arminius. Unlike his brothers who studied in Franeker, at the age of 15 Ruse began a military career where he saw action under the flags of France, Weimar and Venice.〔〔(Nederlandse Vestingbouwers ). In Dutch, Retrieved 30 December 2009.〕 He took part in the Battle of Freiburg (1644), the Battle of Alerheim (1645) and was active at Philippsburg, serving the Prince de Condé, the Vicomte de Turenne and the Duke of Saxe-Weimar. In 1646, he went to Bergamo and Venice and served under General Leonardo Foscolo in Dalmatia. In 1648, the Venetian army occupied Dugopolje and moved up to the Ragusa.〔http://www.pkn-ruinen.nl/ruse.htm〕 As the Turks had occupied the island Crete the Venetian army went as far as Risan, Bar and Budva in order to occupy Albania. When Foscolo was appointed in Candia in 1651, Ruse decided to leave the army because of problems with his legs, and on his way back, he paid great attention to defence systems and facilities. In August 1651 he was appointed by the city is an engineer for Amsterdam's defences.〔Abrahamse, J.E. (2010) De grote uitleg van Amsterdam. Stadsontwikkeling in de 17e eeuw, p. 121.〕 In 1652, he became a captain in the civic guard, charged with an infantry company.〔 In 1654, profiting from his careful study of various types of fortification, he completed ''Versterckte vesting, uitgevonden in velerleij voorvallen en geobserveert in deze laatste oorloogen'', a work which sought to offer scientific explanations for the most recent requirements of defensive fortifications.〔(Ruse, Hendrik - Encyclopedie Drenthe Online. ) In Dutch. Retrieved 30 December 2009.〕〔(Versterckte Vesting. From Rare Books. ) Retrieved 30 December 2009.〕〔The book was dedicated to the burgomasters Frans Banning Cocq, Joan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen (1599-1661), Cornelis Bicker, the younger brother of Andries Bicker and Nicolaas Tulp.〕 On 2 June 1654, he married Susanna Dubbengiesser or Toppengiesser from Stockholm.〔http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kram011leve01_01/kram011leve01_01_0048.htm〕〔Her father was originally from Aachen.〕 They had three daughters: Maria, Anna Isabelle and Johanna (Jeanne) Maria.〔(Dutch baptism register. ) Retrieved 2 January 2010.〕〔(Dutch baptism register ). Retrieved 2 January 2010〕 Johanna Maria was the only one to survive.〔(Baron Henrik Rüse. ) Retrieved 4 January 2009.〕 In Amsterdam Ruse worked as an architect, designed a public building, a few houses and invested in the import of Norwegian timber piles and real estate, which was intended for shipwharves. He is also said to have designed the church in Hoogeveen.〔(Rusius, Johannes - Encyclopedie Drenthe Online. ) In Dutch. Retrieved 5 January 2009.〕 In 1658 he had bought a small country estate in Sauwerd. Without being completely relieved of his duties in the Netherlands, Ruse went on to realise various fortification assignments for John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, including the huge citadel at Kalkar, and for Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the most important of which was the fortification of Harburg in 1660. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henrik Rysensteen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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